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The Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act of 1937, most often referred to as the Pittman–Robertson Act for its sponsors, Nevada Senator Key Pittman and Virginia Congressman Absalom Willis Robertson, was signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt on September 2, 1937 and became effective on July 1 of the following year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fws.gov/southeast/federalaid/pittmanrobertson.html )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://wdfw.wa.gov/grants/wildlife_restoration/ )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ct.gov/dep/cwp/view.asp?a=2723&q=326164 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.nraila.org/Issues/FactSheets/Read.aspx?id=103 )〕 It has been amended many times with several of the major ones taking place during the 1970s〔〔〔〔 and the most recent taking place in 2000.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.animallaw.info/statutes/stusfd16usc669.htm )〕 Prior to the creation of the Pittman–Robertson Act, many species of wildlife were driven to or near extinction by commercial/market hunting pressure and/or habitat degradation from humans. The Act created an excise tax that provides funds to each state to manage such animals and their habitats. Notable species that have come back from the brink since the implementation of this act include white-tailed deer, wild turkey, and wood ducks.〔〔〔 ==Overview== The Pittman–Robertson Act took over a pre-existing 11% excise tax on firearms and ammunition.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.buckeyefirearms.org/node/7809 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fishwildlife.org/files/WildlifeRestoration-ROI-Report_2011.pdf )〕 Instead of going into the U.S. Treasury as it had done in the past, the money is kept separate and is given to the Secretary of the Interior to distribute to the States.〔〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.texasarchery.org/Documents/PittmanRobertson/pittman-robertson-funds.htm )〕 The Secretary determines how much to give to each state based on a formula that takes into account both the area of the state and its number of licensed hunters.〔〔〔〔 These States must fulfill certain requirements to use the money apportioned to them. None of the money from their hunting license sales may be used by anyone other than the State’s fish and game department.〔〔〔 Plans for what to do with the money must be submitted to and approved by the Secretary of the Interior.〔 Acceptable options include research, surveys, management of wildlife and/or habitat and acquisition or lease of land, among other things.〔〔〔 Once a plan has been approved, the state must pay the full cost and is later reimbursed for up to 75% of that cost through P–R funds.〔〔〔 The 25% of the cost that the State must pay generally comes from its hunting license sales.〔 If, for whatever reason, any of the federal money does not get spent, after two years that money is then reallocated to the Migratory Bird Conservation Act.〔〔 In the 1970s, amendments created a 10% tax on handguns and their ammunition and accessories as well as an 11% tax on archery equipment.〔〔〔〔〔 It was also mandated that half of the money from each of those new taxes must be used to educate and train hunters through the creation and maintenance of hunter safety classes and shooting/target ranges.〔〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pittman–Robertson Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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